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Author Guidelines

Are you interested in submitting your next work to PE-APA? This is great! We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies. 

Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting or, if already registered, can simply log in and begin the submission process.

As an author you should know that publishing in PE-APA is completely free-of-charge, and you will retain full copyright of your published work. Once published, you can also download your high resolution electronic publication pdf file and share it or store it at any platform or medium.

Articles must be written in Spanish or American English. Manuscripts (including figures, tables, and bibliography) will be limited to 30.000 words (approximately 25 printed pages). PE-APA is the only journal of the Argentine Paleontological Association that accepts Nomenclatural Notes, which will be limited to 1.500 words.

Reviewing recently published manuscripts is recommended to comply with the current formatting style.

 
The Asociación Paleontológica Argentina (APA) offers an English proofreading service for manuscripts in the editing process that, at the discretion of the PE-APA Editorial Committee, require it. The first author of the work must be an APA member to access this free service.
 
 
1. MANUSCRIPT

Manuscripts must be original works and not have been published elsewhere. In the opinion of the Editorial Committee, papers that do not meet the requirements of relevance or interest to the topic addressed will not be accepted. All papers must be self-contained, not part of a series (Part 1, Part 2, etc.).

Once the manuscript is entered into the system, the Editorial Committee will conduct an initial evaluation within 48 hours of receiving the submission. The manuscript will be rejected without beginning the editorial process if the Editorial Committee considers that:
  1. The topic addressed does not have the relevance or scientific interest required by the journal.
  2. It does not strictly follow the Editorial Standards.
  3. It has serious deficiencies in writing or language.
  4. It contains abusive, defamatory, slanderous, obscene, fraudulent, or illegal content.

When a manuscript has two or more authors, it is assumed all authors were involved in the work and agreed to submit it to PE-APA. All manuscripts will be sent to at least two reviewers selected exclusively by the Editorial Committee.

After peer review, any manuscript requiring modifications by the author must be submitted with the appropriate corrections within one month of notification to the Editorial Committee. After this deadline, the manuscript will be automatically removed from the editorial process. More time will be provided upon the author’s request.

The criteria under which manuscripts are considered in PE-APA are summarized below:

Originality and Innovation. The manuscript must present novel results, methods, or interpretations that have not been previously published and contribute to expanding or challenging existing knowledge in the field.

Methodological Rigor. The manuscript must be based on appropriate, reproducible, scientifically validated methods, with a clear and detailed description of procedures, materials, and analyses.

Strength of Evidence. Conclusions must be supported by robust data and appropriate statistical analyses (if applicable), with a transparent presentation of results and limitations.

Relevance and Scope. The manuscript must address problems or questions of significant interest to the scientific community, potentially impacting related or interdisciplinary areas.

Theoretical Coherence and Contextualization. The manuscript must integrate relevant literature and situate the findings within the discipline's current state of knowledge.

Clarity and Quality of Writing. The manuscript must use precise technical language, maintain a logical structure, and comply with the editorial and formatting standards established by the journal.

Ethics and Good Practices. All research must comply with recognized ethical principles and good publication practices, including disclosure of funding sources and potential conflicts of interest. See our Code of Ethics.

Topical relevance. The content must be aligned with the journal's thematic scope and editorial objectives, and be of interest to its target audience.

 

2. NOMENCLATURE AND PRESERVATION OF THE MATERIAL STUDIED

The nomenclature must comply with the latest edition of the corresponding nomenclature code:

Opcionalmente:

All material studied, whether mentioned, described, and/or illustrated, must be registered and deposited in an appropriate institution with sufficient personnel and infrastructure to ensure its permanent preservation and perpetual availability as reference material. In all cases, collection numbers must be provided to allow unambiguous identification of all specimens mentioned and/or illustrated.

The PE-APA Editorial Committee will register all nomneclatural acts and the works that contain them in Zoobank. This information will appear in the final proof of the manuscript.

 

3. REPOSITORIES

We recommend considering the following repositories to make different types of data available related to publication in PE-APA:

Internet Archive. All articles published since 2015 are also permanently archived in the Internet Archive.

Morphobank. Phylogenetic data (matrices).

MorphoSource. 3D files, including raw data associated with them (e.g., micro-CT scan .tiff files).

GitHub. Code files (Python or R).

Online Supplementary Information. Additional text, tables, and figures must be organized logically and in a uniform format (not necessarily the same as the manuscript) and cited in the main text with the reference “S” (Appendix S1, Table S1, Figure S1). Additionally, code files (or GitHub) and phylogenetic matrices (although Morphobank is preferred for the latter) may be included.

Include a Data Archiving Statement immediately before the References with details of the repository used and, ideally, information that allows the reviewer to access the unpublished record, for example:

Data Archiving Statement

This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/References/XXXXXXXXX

 

4.MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

To simplify and facilitate the submission of the manuscript, authors must make an INITIAL SUBMISSION (pre-acceptance) and a FINAL SUBMISSION (post-acceptance).

The INITIAL SUBMISSION must include:

- Cover letter to the Editorial Committee.

- A WORD file with the text.

-  Figures (if any).

- Tables (if any).

- Appendix (if any).

- Online Supplementary Information (if any).

-Integrated PDF file (optional) with text, figures, tables, and Online Supplementary Information.

The FINAL SUBMISSION must include:

- Response letter to the editor.

- Word file with the text with tracked changes (or using a different color for added or corrected text).

- Word file with the text with all changes accepted and clean.

- Figures as separate files (if any).

- Tables as separate files (if any).

- Appendices as separate files (if any).

- Online Supplementary Information as separate file(s) (if any).

4.1. INITIAL SUBMISSION (pre-acceptance)

4.1.1. Cover letter to the Editorial Committee

A letter to the Editorial Committee must be included, mentioning the relevance and originality of the manuscript to the subject matter. In addition, it must contain at least the following information:

1) Manuscript length, number of figures, number of tables, appendices, and Online Supplementary Information files.

2) Nomination of up to five (5) and at least three (3) potential reviewers for the manuscript, including full name, institution, and email address.

4.1.2. Word file with the text

No specific manuscript organization is required, but it is suggested that the structure be similar to:

  • TITLE
  • INTRODUCTION
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • RESULTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES

Appendices will be submitted as separate files from the main text and must follow the same format as the manuscript.

IMPORTANT: Appendices may not exceed two (2) manuscript pages. Longer appendices must be included as Online Supplementary Information.

4.1.3. Tables and Figures

Submitted separately. See formatting guidelines below.

4.1.4. Online Supplementary Information (OSI)

This information does not require a specific format, but it is suggested to be similar to the main text. The PE-APA Production Team will not review OSI files, so formatting will depend exclusively on the authors.

4.1.5. Integrated PDF file (optional)

To facilitate the review process, it is recommended to send a single PDF file that includes all the material related to the manuscript (text, figures, tables, appendices, and online supplementary information).

4.2. FINAL SUBMISSION (post-acceptance)

In general, manuscripts will follow the following organization: title, authors’ names and institutional affiliations, abstract (Spanish/English), keywords, introduction, geological setting, materials and methods, results or description, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgments, references, figure captions. We strongly recommend consulting the latest volume published by the journal to see the formatting of the works (see Final Submission template).

4.2.1. First page 
  1. TITLE. Must be short and informative. If appropriate, include taxonomic information, age, stratigraphic provenance, and general geographic location. Do not include names of new taxa.
  2. AUTHOR(S) full name(s), without abbreviation. Commas separate Authors.
  3. Institutional affiliation, email address, and ORCID ID. Please include full institutional names without abbreviations, followed by their formal acronyms in parentheses. Do not include postal addresses.
  4. Total number of pages (text + references + figure captions), figures, tables, etc.
  5. Proposed running head of no more than six words and not exceeding 60 characters, including spaces.
  6. Name of the corresponding author.

End with a page break.

4.2.2. Second page

The organization will be as follows:

  1. Abstract. The abstract must not exceed 250 words in a single paragraph. Bibliographic references are not allowed, but names of new taxa and the main results and conclusions of the work must be included.
  2. Keywords. No more than eight, separated by periods.
  3. Abstract (Spanish). TITLE TRANSLATED INTO SPANISH IN UPPERCASE. Text in Spanish in a single paragraph. It must not exceed 250 words. Bibliographic references are not allowed, but names of new taxa and the main results and conclusions of the work must be included. It must correspond exactly to what is stated in the English abstract.
  4. Keywords. No more than eight, separated by periods, in Spanish.

End with a page break.

4.2.3. Third page onwards

4.2.3.1. Main text

The main text must begin on a new page with the following sections as appropriate: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, References, and Figure captions.

4.2.3.2. Heading levels

Three heading levels will be accepted:

LEVEL 1
       The text will begin on the following line as a new paragraph. Examples of Level 1 headings are:

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
FIGURE CAPTIONS

Level 2
       The text will begin on the following line as a new paragraph.

Level 3. The text begins immediately after the heading on the same line.

4.2.3.3. Systematic Palaeontology

The first mention of generic or specific taxon names here and throughout the text must not be abbreviated.

Suprageneric taxa must be written in UPPERCASE and centered, accompanied by taxonomic authors and year in regular font, separated by commas. Do not include the Linnean rank.

Genera must be written in bold italic and centered, beginning with a capital letter, with the genus rank indicated in regular font. After each genus listed in the Systematic Palaeontology section, the type species must be indicated (aligned to the left margin), including taxonomic authors and year (separated by commas), stratigraphic range, and geographic distribution.

References to figures and/or tables for each taxon discussed must be written immediately below and centered. All newly described species must be accompanied by their respective illustration.

The synonymy list (if any) must be included on the next line and aligned to the left. Long synonymy lists are discouraged; only important synonyms, including figured material or nomenclatural changes, should be cited. For synonymy lists and open nomenclature, it is suggested to follow Matthews (1973) and Bengtson (1988).

Matthews, S. C. (1973). Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists. Palaeontology, 16(4), 713–719.
Bengtson, P. (1988). Open nomenclature. Palaeontology, 31(1), 223–227.

Only the taxonomic references of the authors of genera and species included under SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY must be included in the References section.

The manuscript must cite the collection numbers and reference material used for isotopic dating or other analyses.

ICZN Example:

SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY

HEMICHORDATA Bateson, 1885
PTEROBRANCHIA Lankester, 1877
GRAPTOLITHINA Bronn, 1849
GRAPTOLOIDEA Lapworth, 1875
MONOGRAPTIDAE Lapworth, 1873

Genus Saetograptus Přibyl, 1942

Type species. (Original designation; Přibyl, 1942): Graptolithus chimaera Barrande, 1850 (?syn. Colonograptus Přibyl, 1942). Neodiversograptus nilssoni Zone, Lower Ludlow of Bohemia, Czech Republic.

Saetograptus argentinus argentinus (Cuerda, 1971)
Figures 3.1–3, 3.5–8, 4.1–3, Tables 1, 3–5

1971 Monograptus argentinus Cuerda, p. 399, text-fig. 5, figs. 1–11, pl. 31, figs. 4–6.
1974 Monograptus argentinus (Cuerda). Cuerda, p. 327, figs. 3.12–17, 4.5–8.
1984 Monograptus argentinus (Cuerda). Mehl, p. 104, fig. 52d–g.
1996 Saetograptus (?Colonograptus) argentinus (Cuerda). Rickards et al., p. 120, figs. 7e–h, 11h.
2002 Saetograptus argentinus argentinus (Cuerda). Maletz et al., p. 334, 336, text-fig. 2G, I–M, pl. 1, figs. 2, 4.

Phylocode Example:

Based on the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (http://phylonames.org/code/articles/6/). Information on the registration of names under the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature can be accessed here: https://www.phyloregnum.org/

 

PHYLOGENETIC NOMENCLATURE

Hemichordata Bateson, 1885 [Cameron, 2020]
Registration number: 49.
Definition. The smallest node-based clade containing Cephalodiscus gracilis Harmer, 1905, and Ptychodera flava Eschscholtz, 1825.

Pterobranchia Lankester, 1877 [Melchin and Cameron, 2020]
Registration number: 87.
Definition. The smallest node-based clade containing Rhabdopleura normani Allman, 1869, Cephalodiscus dodecalophus M’Intosh, 1882, and Atubaria heterolopha Sato, 1935.

Genus Saetograptus Přibyl, 1942


Type species. (Original designation; Přibyl, 1942): Graptolithus chimaera Barrande, 1850 (?syn. Colonograptus Přibyl, 1942). Neodiversograptus nilssoni Zone, Lower Ludlow of Bohemia, Czech Republic.

Saetograptus argentinus argentinus (Cuerda, 1971)

Figures 3.1–3, 3.5–8, 4.1–3

The following sections (Level 3 headings) should then be included, as applicable: Etymology, Diagnosis, Type Material, Referred Material, Description, Remarks, Geographic and Stratigraphic Distribution.

4.2.3.4. Figure and table citations in the text

Citations of tables and figures in the manuscript must be written in full and capitalized, i.e., Figure 1 or Table 1. If they are in parentheses, however, they must be abbreviated as (Fig. 1), (Figs. 1, 2), (Figs. 1–3), (Fig. 1A), (Figs. 1A, B), (Figs. 1A–C) or (Tab. 1), (Tabs. 1, 2), (Tabs. 1–3). If figures and tables are cited together, separate them with a semicolon (Fig. 1; Tab. 1).

Figures and tables must be numbered and cited sequentially and in ascending order throughout the text. Likewise, figures and tables related to Systematic Palaeontology must follow the order of the described taxa. All figures and tables must be cited in the text.

4.2.3.5. Bibliographic citations in the text

The order of citations in the text must be chronological and then alphabetical, with punctuation as indicated below:

Parenthetical format:
        (Ortega, 2021)
        (Smith et al., 1990; Smith, 1995, 1999; Berman and Adams, 2001)
        (Simpson, 1925; Bonaparte, 1970; Romer, 1970)
        (Aguirre-Fernández, 1995: 35)
        (Aguirre-Fernández, 1995: 12, 34–37)
        (Cariglino and Arnal, 2015a, b)
        (Carabajal, 1995a, b, c)
        (Smith, 1995, fig. 15, table 1)

If the author is cited as part of the text, do not use a comma:
 “Smith (1995) described …”; “… was reported by Cariglino et al. (1999).”

4.2.3.6. Reference list

APA (American Psychological Association) style must be used. The reference list must include all works cited in the text, figures, tables, and appendices. References for the authorships of genera and species cited in the Systematic Palaeontology section must also be included, not those of suprageneric taxa. Citations of abstracts, unpublished theses, or reports should be avoided. Publications “in press” that are available online must include the DOI.

The order of the reference list should be:

  1. Alphabetical by author’s last name.
  2. Then, by ascending number of authors.
  3. For works with the same authors, arrange chronologically from oldest to most recent.
  4. If multiple works by the same authors were published in the same year, they must be ordered following their citation order in the text and distinguished by adding a letter after the year (e.g., 1971a,b,c).

For example:

Arare, H. 1999.

Arare, H. 2014.

Benitez, J. 1932.

Benitez, J. & Gonzales, G. 1932.

Benitez, J. & Ramirez, A. 1928.

Benitez, J., Anona, R. & Perez, Z. 1887.

Benitez, J., Anona, R. & Perez, Z. 1932.

Rodas, F. 1971a.

Rodas, F. 1971b.

References must follow APA style (7th ed.), including hanging indent on the second line, and use of the en dash (–) for page ranges. Please consult https://normas-apa.org for more details.

 

Publications in scientific journals

Cuitiño, J. I., Fernicola, J. C., Kohn, M., Naipauer, M., Bargo, M. S., Kay, R. F., & Vizcaíno, S. F. (2016). U-Pb geochronology of the Santa Cruz Formation (early Miocene) at the Río Bote and Río Santa Cruz (southernmost Patagonia, Argentina): implications for the correlation of fossil vertebrate localities. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 70, 198–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2016.05.007

González Estebenet, M. S., & Guler, M. V. (in press). Trithyrodinium verrucosum (Heisecke, 1970) comb. nov., emend: an early Paleogene (Danian) dinoflagellate cyst species from the north of Patagonia, Argentina. Regional stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental relevance. Ameghiniana, 60(6), 509–521.

Ramos, V. A., Vujovich, G., Cardó, R., Pérez, L., Pelichotti, R., Godeas, M., Pucci, J. C., Bercowski, F., Bordonaro, O., & Chernicoff, J. (2000). Hoja Geológica 3169-IV San Juan, provincia de San Juan. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Boletín 243.

Seoane, F. D., & Cerdeño, E. (2019). Systematic revision of Hegetotherium and Pachyrukhos (Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) and a new phylogenetic analysis of Hegetotheriidae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17(19), 1635–1663.

Yang, X. K., & Zhang, Z. Q. (2013). [Morfometría geométrica 3D de algunos cráneos de úrsidos]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 51(1), 331–341. [en chino]

Congress and symposia

Apesteguía, S., Rougier, G. W., & Vera, R. (2017). A rhynchocephalia remain from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina). Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 18(R2), R7.

Bertels, A. (1978). Estratigrafía y foraminíferos (Protozoa) bentónicos de la Formación Monte León (Oligoceno) en su área tipo, provincia de Santa Cruz, República Argentina. Actas del 2º Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía y 1° Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología (pp. 213–273). Buenos Aires.

Zamudio, M. B., & Morton, L. S. (2017). Late Miocene ostracoda from valle del Cajón, Catamarca province, Argentina. Abstracts of the 18º International Symposium on Ostracoda (p. 35). Santa Bárbara.

Books and book’s chapters

Be, J. L. (1984). Late Cretaceous floral provinces. En P. Brenchly (Ed.), Fossils and Climate (pp. 127–164). Wiley Editors.

Darwin, C. R. (1846). Geological Observations on South America, being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle. Smith, Elder & Co.

Re, G. G., Bellosi, E. S., Heizler, M., Vilas, J. F., Madden, R. H., Carlini, A. A., Kay, R. F., & Vucetich, M. G. (2010). A geochronology for the Sarmiento Formation at Gran Barranca. En R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, & R. F. Kay (Eds.), The Paleontology of Gran Barranca (pp. 46–58). Cambridge University Press.

Webpages and databases

Be, J. L. (1996). Coniferae. En D. Maddison y W. Maddison (Eds.), Tree of Life. Recuperado el 11 de octubre 2021 de http://www.nmnh.org

WoRMS Editorial Board (2020). World Register of Marine Species. Recuperado el 03 de abril 2020 de http://www.marinespecies.org

Thesis, reports and unpublished material

Cione, A. L. (1988). Los peces de las formaciones marinas del cenozoico de Patagonia [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Nacional de La Plata]. https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/4727

Levy de Caminos, R. (1970). Noticia sobre el hallazgo de Apéndices Ventrales de Trilobites en la Formación Parcha (Salta). https://repositorio.segemar.gov.ar/handle/308849217/3986

Vergani, G., Decastelli, O., Moroni, A. M., & Chaia, A. (1991). Análisis estratigráfico y olegenético del Mioceno del Valle de Santa María, provincias Salta, Tucumán y Catamarca. [Reporte inédito de YPF].

4.2.3.7. Figure and table files

Figure and table files must be submitted as independent files. Formats and specifications for these files are detailed in the FIGURES and TABLES sections, respectively.

4.2.3.8. Online Supplementary Information files

Authors may upload Online Supplementary Information (OSI) files, including datasets, research tools, texts, extended tables, illustrations or graphics, and other materials not essential for understanding the paper. Supplementary files do not need to follow a specific format. They will be uploaded and remain in the system in their original format.

4.2.3.9. Figure captions

Figure captions will be presented following the References section. All abbreviations and acronyms must be explained in the captions. Copyright credits must be included here (e.g., satellite images). Copyrighted images must be properly cited (e.g., Landsat/Copernicus 2018 image; Google Earth, accessed December 2019).

Examples:

Figure 1. A, Palaeogeographic limit of the Neuquén Basin during the Late Valanginian and location of localities mentioned in the text. B, Geological map of the area and location of the studied sections (modified from Cariglino et al., 2011). Abbreviations: BV, Bajada Vieja; BA, Bajada del Agrio; AM, Agrio del Medio.

Figure 3. A, General map of Catamarca Province (dark gray), Argentina. B, Location of study sites (black circles) in El Cajón Valley and Cordón Pampa, Calchaquí Valleys, Catamarca Province. References: 1–4, Playa del Zorro alloformation; 5–6, Chiquimil Formation. Scale = 10 km. (Landsat/Copernicus satellite image, Google Earth, accessed November 2022).

Figure 7. A–F, Chartronella spiralis nov. sp., MPEF-PI 3590; A–C, lateral view; D, basal and apertural view; E, F, detail of ornamentation of the last whorl; G–J, Lewisiella? sp., MPEF-PI 4006; G, H, lateral view; I, J, basal and apertural view. Scale = 5 mm.

Figure 9. Cervical vertebrae. A, UNPSJB-PV 1007/1 in situ, ventral view with an oblique erosion surface subparallel to the deposit roof. B, UNPSJB-PV 1007/3, right lateral view. Scale = 10 cm. C, UNPSJB-PV 1007/2 in posterior view, in situ. Scale = 3 cm. D, UNPSJB-PV 1007/2, left lateral view with signs of intense erosion. Scale = 5 cm. Abbreviations: CC, cervical rib; CN, neural canal; CV, vertebral centrum; EN, neural spine; PL, pleurocoel; PRZ, prezygapophysis. Red arrows = transverse fractures to the bone axis; white arrows = longitudinal fractures; yellow arrows = oblique fractures.

Indicate the approximate location of figures and tables in the text.

4.2.3.10. Style, abbreviations, and special symbols

Words in another language. Words in a language different from the main language of the manuscript must be written in italics. Exceptions are notations used for open nomenclature, such as cf. and aff., in addition to the symbol (?) when these are associated with taxon names of generic rank or lower.

Direct quotes from other works. Direct quotes must be written in the original language, in quotation marks and italics. The translation into the manuscript language (Spanish or English, as appropriate) must follow in parentheses. Example:

Cuvier (1824, p. 160) wrote: “D’une dent de crocodile de la craie de MEUDON. Elle m’a été donnée par M. brongniart, et je la représente, pl. VI, fig. 9.” (From a crocodile tooth from the chalk of MEUDON. It was given to me by Mr. Brongniart, and here I illustrate it, pl. VI, fig. 9.)

Scientific names. Genera and species must be written in italics, unless the surrounding text is also in italics, in which case they should be written in normal type.

Stratigraphy. Time scales must conform to the updates of the various IUGS Commissions. The nomenclature of stratigraphic units must follow the latest edition of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (http://www.stratigraphy.org/). We recommend that works dealing with the Late Pleistocene and Holocene include numerical dating.

Measurements, abbreviations. Measurements must be expressed in the metric system, using the notations accepted by the SI (www.bipm.org). Fractions must be expressed as decimals (e.g., 0.25 instead of ¼). The decimal fraction must be separated from the integer by a comma. Abbreviations must end with a period, except those corresponding to measurements and distances, e.g., kg, m, km, µm, and those formed by two or more capital letters, e.g., USA, OAS, FFCC, etc.

Geochronological abbreviations. The abbreviations for thousands and millions of years before present will be ka and Ma, respectively, following IUGS recommendations. However, for the Pleistocene and Holocene, 14C years BP (for radiocarbon ages) and cal. years BP (for calibrated ages) will be used.

Other abbreviations. Any unusual abbreviation for the discipline (including institutional, anatomical, or other acronyms) must be explained in the corresponding subsection within Materials and Methods or, if missing, at the end of the introduction. Each list must have its own level-3 heading and include abbreviations arranged alphabetically. Examples:

Institutional acronyms. AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; MACN-A, División de Paleontología, Colección Ameghino, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Buenos Aires, Argentina; MLP-PV, Museo de La Plata, División Paleontología de Vertebrados, La Plata, Argentina; MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

Hyphens. Single or double hyphens are used in different cases. The single hyphen (-) is used in compound words (common in English, e.g., well-preserved). Single hyphens are also commonly used in collection acronyms (e.g., MACN-A). The double hyphen or en dash (–) is used for ranges. It must be used for numerical values of figures or pages (e.g., pp. 56–98; Figs. 7–9) and for temporal ranges (e.g., Triassic–Jurassic).

Boundaries. For boundaries between stratigraphic units, use a slash (/). For example, Maastrichtian/Paleogene (not Maastrichtian–Paleogene).

Geographic coordinates. Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) may be written in degrees, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 38º 31’ 21” S; 70º 09’ 50” W) or decimal degrees and minutes (e.g., 38º 31.48’ S; 70º 15.27’ W).

Toponyms. Place names must be written in their original language or in their literal transliteration into Latin characters (for toponyms in languages that do not use Latin characters). This rule also applies to the names of lithostratigraphic units.

 

5.FIGURES

5.1. General considerations

The Editorial Committee of PE-APA seeks uniformity and quality in all published figures. Authors are encouraged to carefully follow the instructions to avoid unnecessary delays in the editorial process. For more examples, please review the latest volume published at http://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar.
 The background of the figures must be white.

 5.2. Figure size

Figures may be prepared for one-column width (82 mm) or two-column width (170 mm). In both cases, the height may vary, with a maximum of 230 mm. The layout of the figures must be optimized so that no white margins remain outside the figure.

5.3. Format and resolution

All illustrations must be submitted in JPG or TIFF format at the final publication size and must meet the following requirements:

  • Minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
  • TIFF files must be compressed using the LZW compression system.

5.4. Design, scales, and text within figures

Figures with more than one component. When figures are composed of more than one element (called a component), these will be identified with capital letters. Bold Arial font, size between 10 and 14 pt, must be used. The letter should be placed in the upper left corner of the figure.

Components must be separated by white space, 1–2 mm thick, consistent within the figure and across all figures of the same style in the manuscript (see example below). Do not leave white margins outside the figure.

Multiple photographs must have similar tone and contrast when grouped in the same figure.

Scales and lines. The graphic scale must be included inside the figures, preferably in the lower right corner (see example below). The scale value(s) must be indicated in the figure caption (do not include the numeric value directly in the figure). Arrows, scale bars, or any other indications on the illustrations must be consistent throughout the manuscript, with the same style and size, no smaller than 0.3 pt.

Text within figures. Explanatory text (numbers/letters) inside the figures must be prepared using Arial font, no smaller than 6 pt.

Geographic coordinates. Maps must always display latitude and longitude values along their borders and a north or south orientation indicator.

 

6.TABLES

To facilitate final layout and avoid errors, tables should be created according to the following instructions:

  1. They should be created using the Table function in Word.
  2. The title should be bold and left-justified. It should begin with the word TABLE in capital letters, followed by the table number and a period. The table title follows this.
  3. Footnotes may be added after the last row of data.

 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEMATIC VOLUMES

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TEMPLATE FILE

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR VOLUMES OF ABSTRACTS

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Articles

The length of the manuscripts (including figures, tables and references) should be limited to 30,000 words.

Nomenclatural Notes

The length of the manuscripts  should be limited to 800 words (one printed page). They should not include figures nor tables.

Thematic Volume

Dedicated to develop particular subjects, including complete works from scientific meetings (congresses, symposia, etc.).

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