DIVERSIDAD DE LOS ÉQUIDOS FÓSILES DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.06.06.2022.415Palabras clave:
Perissodactyla, Equidae, Plioceno, Pleistoceno, América del SurResumen
Las comunidades de mamíferos contemporáneas de América del Sur estuvieron definidas por el surgimiento del Istmo de Panamá y por las profundas oscilaciones climáticas durante el Pleistoceno. Los caballos son un grupo conspicuo de mamíferos inmigrantes norteamericanos que llegaron a Sudamérica durante el Plioceno tardío y no sobrevivieron a la gran extinción de la megafauna hace aproximadamente doce mil años. El presente estudio recopila datos actualizados sobre la filogenia, sistemática y ecología de este grupo en América del Sur. El primer linaje está representado por el género Equus, que aparece en el Pleistoceno medio y presenta rasgos anatómicos parecidos a los de un caballo actual. El segundo linaje son las especies incluidas en el género Hippidion, que eran caballos con características anatómicas muy distintivas que se registraron por primera vez a finales del Plioceno. Ambos géneros de caballos incluyen formas pequeñas (H. devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium y E. insulatus) y grandes (E. neogeus y H. principale), que se dispersaron en América del Sur utilizando dos rutas diferentes. El posible modelo de esta dispersión indica que las formas pequeñas utilizaron el corredor de los Andes, mientras que los caballos más grandes se dispersaron por la ruta oriental y por algunas zonas costeras.
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