ANÁLISIS PALINOLÓGICO ACTUAL Y DEL CUATERNARIO TARDÍO EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS CAMPOS (URUGUAY Y SUR DE BRASIL): ESTADO DE LAS INVESTIGACIONES, DIFICULTADES Y POTENCIALIDADES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.28.05.2018.258Abstract
Resumen. Los campos constituyen una de las regiones de los pastizales del Río de la Plata que se extiende en Uruguay y en la porción meridional de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), cuya potencialidad para realizar estudios palinológicos aún está escasamente explorada. En este trabajo se revisa y analiza el estado actual de las investigaciones palinológicas actuales y fósiles en la región de los campos. Se discuten los modelos de la relación polen-vegetación actual como análogo moderno y se sintetiza la información proveniente de los registros polínicos fósiles. La integración de estos resultados y la utilización de los modelos actuales para interpretar las secuencias fósiles permitieron realizar una reconstrucción preliminar de la historia de la vegetación de la región de los campos durante el Pleistoceno Tardío y Holoceno. Los cambios de la vegetación fueron relacionados con forzantes abióticos (cambios en el nivel relativo del mar o en las condiciones climáticas) y bióticos (antrópicos), y se postulan posibles rutas de migración de distintos taxones y vinculaciones de los campos con otras regiones fitogeográficas. Finalmente se discuten las potencialidades de la región de los campos para los estudios palinológicos, las dificultades que frecuentemente se presentan para la integración de la información y se puntualizan aquellos aspectos que podrían considerarse en futuros trabajos para realizar interpretaciones más ajustadas de la información paleoecológica disponible.
Palabras clave. Análisis polínico. Pastizales del Río de la Plata. Bosques. Pleistoceno. Holoceno.
Abstract. MODERN AND LATE QUATERNARY PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN THE CAMPOS REGION (URUGUAY AND SOUTHERN BRAZIL): STATUS OF INVESTIGATIONS, DIFFICULTIES AND POTENTIALITIES. The campos constitute one of the regions of the Río de la Plata grasslands which extends in Uruguay and southern Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), whose potentiality for carrying out palynological studies is still scarcely explored. This paper reviews and analyzes the current state of modern and fossil palynological research in the campos region. The potential use of modern pollen-vegetation relationship models as modern analogues is discussed and the information obtained from fossil pollen records is synthesized. The integration of these results and the use of modern pollen-vegetation relationship models to interpret fossil sequences allowed the preliminarily reconstruction of the vegetation history of the campos region during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Vegetation changes were related to abiotic (relative sea level changes or climatic conditions) and biotic (anthropogenic) forcing factors, and possible taxa migration routes and links between the campos and other phytogeographic regions were postulated. Finally, the potentialities of the campos region for palynological studies are discussed, as well as the difficulties that frequently arise for the integration of the information and also those aspects that could be considered in future works to make more accurate interpretations of the available paleoecological information.
Key words. Pollen analysis. Río de la Plata grasslands. Forests. Pleistocene. Holocene.
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