REVISIÓN DE LOS BIOCOREMAS MARINOS GLOBALES DEL JURÁSICO SEGÚN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS MOLUSCOS BIVALVOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.18.10.2017.245Resumen
Resumen. Numerosos trabajos regionales o locales han propuesto el reconocimiento de unidades biogeográficas de distintos rangos (biocoremas) basadas sobre la distribución de los moluscos bivalvos para el Jurásico, pero no existía una síntesis a nivel mundial. Este trabajo es una revisión de las más significativas de esas propuestas, en un intento de lograr una síntesis de los patrones biogeográficos globales desde el Jurásico Temprano al Tardío, mientras se producían cambios sustanciales en la paleogeografía de la Tierra y los patrones de circulación oceánica como resultado de la disgregación de Pangea. Se hace también un breve análisis de la evolución en el tiempo y el espacio de cada una de las principales unidades reconocidas y de sus relaciones. Estos biocoremas pueden agruparse en tres unidades de primer orden que han tenido continuidad en el tiempo: Boreal, Tethys y Austral. Las unidades revisadas aquí han sido reconocidas y caracterizadas de forma muy heterogénea por los distintos autores, pero los criterios básicos más utilizados incluyen desde el grado de endemismo y la diversidad relativa, hasta las afinidades paleobiogeográficas de los taxones a nivel genérico. Los patrones de distribución de los bivalvos jurásicos no solamente son claves para entender cuestiones puramente biogeográficas, sino que han sido utilizados como argumento y evidencia en discusiones de índole paleogeográfica (como el establecimiento de corredores oceánicos, o patrones de circulación marina superficial), e incluso son pruebas de peso para la discusión de tópicos paleotectónicos, como la localización de terrenos desplazados y la deriva continental.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Paleobiogeografía. Jurásico. Bivalvia. Biocoremas. Provincias biogeográficas. Bipolaridad. Gradientes latitudinales.
Abstract. A REVIEW OF JURASSIC MARINE WORLDWIDE BIOCHOREMAS BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF BIVALVE MOLLUSKS. Local and regional papers analyzing the distribution of Jurassic bivalves and proposing new palaeobiogeographic units of various ranks are numerous, but a worldwide synthesis was lacking. This paper is a review of those proposals with the aim to obtain a coherent synthesis of the global biogeographic patterns from Early to Late Jurassic times, when significant changes in the Earth paleogeography and oceanic circulation took place as the result of the breakup of Pangea. A brief account of the evolution in time and space of the recognized units and their relationships is also made. The biochoremas can be grouped into three first order units which had temporal continuity: Boreal, Tethys and Austral Realms. The units analysed here were recognized and characterized in very different grounds by their authors; the most commonly used criteria are degree of endemism, relative diversity and palaeobiogeographic affinities of bivalve genera. The patterns of Jurassic bivalve distribution are key to understand general biogeographic issues, but they were also used as evidence in palaeogeographic discussions (such as the establishment of seaways and changing patterns of superficial water circulation); they are even arguments in some palaeotectonic issues, such as the localization and history of displaced terranes, and continental drift.
KEY WORDS: Palaeobiogeography. Jurassic. Bivalvia. Biocoremas. Biogeographic provinces. Bipolarity. Latitudinal gradients.
Citas
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