ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE REGISTROS PALINOLÓGICOS DE SUCESIONES ALUVIALES DE LA REGIÓN PAMPEANA: REVISIÓN E IMPLICANCIAS PARA LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN Y EL CLIMA DURANTE EL PLEISTOCENO TARDIO - HOLOCENO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.27.09.2016.114Abstract
En este trabajo se sintetizan y discuten los resultados de ca. 30 años de estudios palinológicos de depósitos aluviales del Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno de la región pampeana (RP). La mayor parte de las reconstrucciones de la vegetación para ese lapso han derivado del análisis polínico de depósitos aluviales, aunque en ciertos casos los resultados son controvertidos. La presente revisión muestra que el análisis palinológico de sucesiones aluviales es un recurso importante de información paleoambiental cuali y cuantitativa para la RP, pero también expone que no todas las secuencias polínicas publicadas son adecuadas para hacer reconstrucciones de la vegetación y el clima. Las principales causas de discrepancias entre los resultados han sido el escaso entendimiento sobre el transporte fluvial del polen, la preservación polínica y la tafonomía y el control de las facies sedimentarias en las posibles modificaciones de los registros polínicos. Las causas de la alteración de los conjuntos polínicos, aunque relacionadas principalmente con repetidos ciclos de hidratación-desecación, degradación microbiana y posible control de facies, han sido escasamente discutidas en la mayoría de los trabajos. Esto señala la necesidad de realizar estudios sobre la preservación polínica diferencial y la cuantificación del polen transportado por los ríos, poniendo más atención en el conocimiento de los procesos tafonómicos para mejorar la interpretación de los registros palinológicos fósiles. A pesar de esto, los progresos realizados recientemente han permitido lograr reconstrucciones significativamente más precisas e informativas de la vegetación y del clima del pasado en la RP que lo que fue posible anteriormente.
PALABARS CLAVE. Palinología fluvial. Tafonomía. Preservación polínica. Argentina.
Abstract. ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF PALYNOLOGICAL RECORDS FROM ALLUVIAL SEQUENCES OF THE PAMPAS REGION: REVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VEGETATATION AND CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE - HOLOCENE. In this review the results of Late Pleistocene-Holocene palynological studies from alluvial deposits in the Pampas region (PR) performed over the last ca. 30 years have been synthesized and discussed. Most vegetation reconstructions for that period have been derived from pollen analysis of alluvial deposits, although in some cases the results are controversial. The present review shows that palynological analysis from alluvial sequences is an important resource of qualitative and quantitative paleoenvironmental information for the PR, but also states that not all published pollen records are suitable for vegetation and climate reconstructions. The main causes of discrepancies between the results are the limited understanding of pollen fluvial transport, pollen preservation and taphonomy and sedimentary facies control that could have altered the pollen records. The causes of the alteration of the pollen assemblages, although mainly related to repeated wetting-drying cycles, microbial degradation and possible control of facies, have scarcely been discussed in most works. This points the need for studies on differential pollen preservation and quantification of pollen transported by river water, paying more attention to the knowledge of taphonomic processes to improve the interpretation of fossil palynological records. Even so, the progress achieved recently have made possible to obtain significantly more precise and informative reconstructions of past vegetation and climate in the PR than was possible earlier.
KEY WORDS. Fluvial palynology. Taphonomy. Pollen preservation. Argentina.
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